Cygwin/Bash Command Reference

File Commands

• ls – directory listing
• ls -al – formatted listing with hidden files
• cd dir - change directory to dir
• cd – change to home
• pwd – show current directory
• mkdir dir – create a directory dir
• rm file – delete file
• rm -r dir – delete directory dir
• rm -f file – force remove file
• rm -rf dir – force remove directory dir *
• cp file1 file2 – copy file1 to file2
• cp -r dir1 dir2 – copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't exist
• mv file1 file2 – rename or move file1 to file2 if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2
• ln -s file link – create symbolic link link to file
• touch file – create or update file
• cat > file – places standard input into file
• more file – output the contents of file
• head file – output the first 10 lines of file
• tail file – output the last 10 lines of file
• tail -f file – output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines

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Process Management

• ps – display your currently active processes
• kill pid – kill process id pid
• killall proc – kill all processes named proc *
• bg – lists stopped or background jobs; resume a stopped job in the background
• fg – brings the most recent job to foreground
• fg n – brings job n to the foreground

Shortcuts

• Ctrl+c – halts the current command
• Ctrl+z – stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
• Ctrl+a – move to beginning of line
• Ctrl+e – move to end of lineCtrl+k – kill (delete) from the cursor to the end of the line
• Ctrl+w – erases one word in the current line
• Ctrl+u – erases the whole line
• Ctrl+y – yank (restore) the last group of erased characters
• Ctrl+r – type to bring up a recent command 
• !! - repeat the last command
• exit – log out of current session

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System Info

• date – show the current date and time
• cal – show this month's calendar
• whoami – who you are logged in as
• man command – show the manual for command
• df – show disk usage
• du – show directory space usage
• whereis app – show possible locations of app
• which app – show which app will be run by default

Archives/Compression

• tar cf file.tar files – create a tar named file.tar containing files
• tar xf file.tar – extract the files from file.tar
• tar czf file.tar.gz files – create a tar with Gzip compression
• tar xzf file.tar.gz – extract a tar using Gzip
• tar cjf file.tar.bz2 – create a tar with Bzip2 compression
• tar xjf file.tar.bz2 – extract a tar using Bzip2
• gzip file – compresses file and renames it to file.gz
• gzip -d file.gz – decompresses file.gz back to file
• zip file.zip files – create a zip file named file.zip containing files
• unzip files.zip – decompresses and extracts files from files.zip

Network

• ping host – ping host and output results
• nslookup host – lookup host ip address
• wget file – download file
• wget -c file – continue a stopped download
• ssh user@host – connect to host as user

Installation

• Install from source (for packages not in setup.exe):
• ./configure
• make
• make install

Searching

• grep pattern files – search for pattern in files
• grep -r pattern dir – search recursively for pattern in dir
• command | grep pattern – search for pattern in the  output of command

sumber: fosswire.com